(function() { (function(){function b(g){this.t={};this.tick=function(h,m,f){var n=f!=void 0?f:(new Date).getTime();this.t[h]=[n,m];if(f==void 0)try{window.console.timeStamp("CSI/"+h)}catch(q){}};this.getStartTickTime=function(){return this.t.start[0]};this.tick("start",null,g)}var a;if(window.performance)var e=(a=window.performance.timing)&&a.responseStart;var p=e>0?new b(e):new b;window.jstiming={Timer:b,load:p};if(a){var c=a.navigationStart;c>0&&e>=c&&(window.jstiming.srt=e-c)}if(a){var d=window.jstiming.load; c>0&&e>=c&&(d.tick("_wtsrt",void 0,c),d.tick("wtsrt_","_wtsrt",e),d.tick("tbsd_","wtsrt_"))}try{a=null,window.chrome&&window.chrome.csi&&(a=Math.floor(window.chrome.csi().pageT),d&&c>0&&(d.tick("_tbnd",void 0,window.chrome.csi().startE),d.tick("tbnd_","_tbnd",c))),a==null&&window.gtbExternal&&(a=window.gtbExternal.pageT()),a==null&&window.external&&(a=window.external.pageT,d&&c>0&&(d.tick("_tbnd",void 0,window.external.startE),d.tick("tbnd_","_tbnd",c))),a&&(window.jstiming.pt=a)}catch(g){}})();window.tickAboveFold=function(b){var a=0;if(b.offsetParent){do a+=b.offsetTop;while(b=b.offsetParent)}b=a;b<=750&&window.jstiming.load.tick("aft")};var k=!1;function l(){k||(k=!0,window.jstiming.load.tick("firstScrollTime"))}window.addEventListener?window.addEventListener("scroll",l,!1):window.attachEvent("onscroll",l); })();

Friday, November 14, 2008
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, penulis besar Rusia


Selain Leo Tolstoy, Rusia melahirkan penulis besar lainnya yaitu Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (Анто́н Па́влович Че́хов) (29 Januari 1860 – 15 Juli 1904) terkenal terutama karena cerpen-cerpen dan dramanya. Banyak dari cerpennya dianggap sebagai apotheosis dari bentuk sementara dramanya, meskipun hanya sedikit - dan hanya empat yang dianggap besar - mempunyai dampak yang besar dalam literatur dan pertunjukan drama.

Chekhov lebih dikenal di Rusia modern karena ratusan cerpennya, dan banyak di antaranya dianggap merupakan adikarya dalam bentuk karangan tersebut. Namun demikian drama-dramanya juga memberikan pengaruh yang mendalam terhadap drama abad ke-20. Dari Chekhov, banyak pengarang drama kontemporer belajar bagaimana memanfaatkan suasana hati, hal-hal yang kelihatannya tidak berarti dan inaksi (berdiam diri) untuk menyoroti psikologi batin para tokohnya. Keempat drama utama Chekhov - Burung Camar, Paman Vanya, Tiga Saudari, dan Kebun Ceri—seringkali ditampilkan kembali dalam pementasan-pementasan modern


Karya-karya


Drama

  • That Worthless Fellow Platonov (Platonov yang Tidak Berguna) (l.k.1881) - satu babak
  • On the Harmful Effects of Tobacco (Bahaya Racun Tembakau) (1886, 1902)
  • Ivanov (1887) - empat babak
  • The Bear (1888) – (Orang Kasar) komedi satu babak
  • The Proposal atau A Marriage Proposal (Pinangan) (l.k.1888-1889) - satu babak
  • The Wedding (1889) (Pesta Perkawinan) - satu babak
  • The Wood Demon (Hantu Kayu) (1889) – komedi empat babak
  • The Seagull (Burung Camar) (1896)
  • Uncle Vanya (Paman Vanya) (1899-1900) – berdasarkan The Wood Demon
  • Three Sisters (Tiga Saudari) (1901)
  • The Cherry Orchard (Kebun Ceri) (1904)

Non fiksi

  • Perjalanan ke Sakhalin (1895), termasuk: Pulau Saghalien [atau Sakhalin] (1891-1895) dan Melintasi Siberia
  • Surat-surat

Cerita pendek

Banyak dari cerita-cerita yang lebih awal ditulis dengan nama samaran "Antosha Chekhonte".

  • "Intrigues" (1879-1884) - sembilan cerita
  • "Late-Blooming Flowers" (1882)
  • "The Death of a Government Clerk" (1883) (difilmkan di Indonesia oleh Syuman Djaya dengan judul "Si Mamad")
  • "The Swedish Match" (1883)
  • "Lights" (1883-1888)
  • "Oysters" (1884)
  • "Perpetuum Mobile" (1884)
  • A Living Chronology (1885)
  • "Motley Stories" ("Pëstrye Rasskazy") (1886)
  • "Excellent People" (1886)
  • "Misery" (1886)
  • "The Princess" (1886)
  • "The Scholmaster" (1886)
  • "A Work of Art" (1886)
  • "Hydrophobia" (1886-1901)
  • "At Home" (1887)
  • "The Beggar" (1887)
  • "The Doctor" (1887)
  • "Enemies" (1887)
  • "The Examining Magistrate" (1887)
  • "Happiness" (1887)
  • "The Kiss" (1887)
  • "On Easter Eve" (1887)
  • "Typhus" (1887)
  • "Volodya" (1887)
  • "The Steppe" (1888) - memperoleh Penghargaan Pushkin
  • "An Attack of Nerves" (1888)
  • "An Awkward Business" (1888)
  • "The Beauties" (1888)
  • "The Swan Song" (1888)
  • "Sleepy" (1888)
  • "The Name-Day Party" (1888)
  • "A Boring Story" (1889)
  • "Gusev" (1890)
  • "The Horse Stealers" (1890)
  • "The Duel" (1891)
  • "Peasant Wives" (1891)
  • "Ward No 6" (1892)
  • "In Exile" (1892)
  • "The Grasshopper" (1892)
  • "Neighbours" (1892)
  • "Terror" (1892)
  • "My Wife" (1892)
  • "The Butterfly" (1892)
  • "The Two Volodyas" (1893)
  • "An Anonymous Story" (1893)
  • "The Black Monk" (1894)
  • "The Head Gardener's Story" (1894)
  • "Rothschild's Fiddle" (1894)
  • "The Student" (1894)
  • "The Teacher of Literature" (1894)
  • "A Woman's Kingdom" (1894)
  • "Three Years" (1895)
  • "Ariadne" (1895)
  • "Murder" (1895)
  • "The House with an Attic" (1896)
  • "My Life" (1896)
  • "Peasants" (1897)
  • "In the Cart" (1897)
  • "The Man in a Case", "Gooseberries", "About Love" - the 'Little Trilogy' (1898)
  • "Ionych" (1898)
  • "A Doctor's Visit" (1898)
  • "The New Villa" (1898)
  • "On Official Business" (1898)
  • "The Darling" (1899)
  • "The Lady with the Dog" (1899)
  • "At Christmas" (1899)
  • "In the Ravine" (1900)
  • "The Bishop" (1902)
  • "The Bet" (1889)
  • "Betrothed" atau "A Marriageable Girl" (1903)
  • "Agafya"
  • "The Pipe"
  • "The Lottery Ticket"
  • "Verochka"


Novel

  • The Shooting Party (1884-1885)

Labels: , , , , ,

posted by FerryHZ at 2:21 PM | Permalink |


0 Comments: